The Importance of Vaccination in Preterm Neonates

Premature birth means a compromised immune system prone to illness, making vaccination a compulsion.

Vaccinations prevent several infectious illnesses in newborns and children. According to a recent survey (WHO – 2023), researchers claim that 10% of Indian births are preterm less than 37 weeks gestation. 

• Premature babies are more prone to illness and their sequelae, making vaccination necessary.
• Diphtheria, influenza, invasive pneumococcal disease, bacterial meningitis, pertussis, bacterial and viral pneumonia, and rotavirus gastroenteritis are a few Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs) and are more likely to hospitalize and kill premature babies. 

What else increases immunity in preterm neonates?

Breast milk

• • • Breast milk prevents several infections by transferring passive immunity from mother to baby. 
    • In fact, early mother’s milk feeds the baby, and no other alternative formula improves immunity in preterm infants.

Cocoon vaccinations

• • • The cocoon vaccination strategy is associated with vaccinations in adults oriented to prevent the spread of premature babies.
    • The cocoon strategy minimizes the risk of transmission of pathogens or infections that are likely to get infected easily.
    • A vaccinated patient is no longer contagious to a non-vaccinated patient. 

Hygiene

• • Special conditions meet specific nutritional requirements of preterm infants. 
  • In many cases, breastfeeding is not possible with extracted milk mixed with different ingredients and the application of tubes is also a practice. 
  • This requires specific hygiene precautions in the preparation, storage and application of food for preterm babies.

Is the schedule different for preterm infants?

Though the vaccination schedule is similar for full-term babies, there are certain guidelines to follow.

Adjusted Immunization schedule

• Preterm infants might receive their vaccinations on a different schedule than full-term babies. 
• BCG, Hepatitis B though recommended at birth, it is usual practice to administer these vaccines at a later time.

Vaccination Delay

• Some vaccines might be delayed for preterm babies, especially if they have certain medical conditions or treatments.
• The doctor will decide the best time to give each vaccine based on the baby’s health.
• Even though vaccines are recommended, they are often delayed for preterm babies.
• This delay puts preterm babies at risk for diseases that could be prevented by vaccination.

If vaccination is missed in the initial few days

• If a preterm baby misses any vaccines while in the NICU or due to illness, a catch-up schedule may be suggested.
• This schedule will help ensure the baby receives all the necessary vaccinations.

What precautions should be taken during vaccinations?

• Vaccination side effects are similar for both full-term and preterm babies.
• Preterm babies may experience complications like apnea (breathing pauses) right after vaccinations, so it’s best to vaccinate them under medical supervision.
• Some preterm babies might have mild feeding issues during their first vaccinations.

Protect your little one’s future with timely vaccinations. Lotus Hospitals ensures every baby receives the best care from our expert pediatric team.

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